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CILS vs CELI vs PLIDA vs Roma Tre

The four official Italian tests. For citizenship it doesn't really matter, but they differ in structure, fees, and availability.

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The four options

CILS (Università per Stranieri di Siena): the most common. Widely available inside and outside Italy. Traditional structure.
CELI (Università per Stranieri di Perugia): slightly more academic feel. Levels A1 to C2.
PLIDA (Società Dante Alighieri): global network of Dante Alighieri centres, often useful abroad.
Roma Tre: issued by the Università Roma Tre. Available at fewer centres but valid everywhere.

All four are on the same list officially recognised by the Italian government (Ministero dell'Istruzione).

Legally, any of the four A2 certificates is accepted. Practical picks:

Living in Italy: go with CILS: most sessions, most centres, most past-paper resources.
Living abroad: PLIDA often has the wider network via Dante Alighieri societies.
Living near a specific university: whichever one is at that university.