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Grammar · A1

The articles: il, lo, la, i, gli, le

by Alessio · teacher of Italian as a foreign language, ITALS master’s

A bottle of sparkling wine and glasses on a laid table · Italian grammar A1
Il vino, lo spumante, i bicchieri: the table teaches you the articles.

Italian articles follow one single rule: you do not choose them by meaning, but by looking at how the next word begins. That is why it is il vino but lo spumante, i formaggi but gli gnocchi: it is not about taste, it is about letters.

  • 6min reading
  • 19min exercises
  • A1level

What you learn

  • il / i, lo / gli, l' / gli, la / le, l' / le
  • When to use the articles
  • When Italian wants the article (and your language maybe does not)
  • Vocabulary: la tavola

Italian and English side by side

English has one definite article, the, for everything. Italian has seven, and picks them by the sound that follows, not by meaning: il vino but lo spumante, i formaggi but gli gnocchi. The good news is that this is mechanical: no memorising, just look at the next letter. The harder habit is that Italian puts the article where English drops it: l'Italia è bella, mi piace il caffè.

Half of A1 and 3 exercises a day: freeApp Store★★★★★(6)by Alessio, a teacher since 2018Continue in the app →

The words on this page

Drag each Italian word onto its definition, or tap a word first, then its box.

Definite articles

Used for something specific, already known or unique: il conto, per favore.

ArticleWhenExamples at the table
il / idavanti a consonante «normale»il vino, il pane, i formaggi, i dolci
lo / glidavanti a s+consonante, z, gn, pslo spumante, lo zucchero, gli gnocchi
l' / glidavanti a vocale (maschile)l’aceto, l’olio, gli antipasti
la / ledavanti a consonante (femminile)la pasta, la grappa, le lasagne
l' / ledavanti a vocale (femminile, solo singolare)l’acqua, l’aranciata, le arance

Indefinite articles

Used for something non-specific, one among many: prendiamo una bottiglia?

ArticleWhenExamples
unmaschile, davanti a consonante o vocaleun caffè, un amaro, un antipasto
unomaschile, davanti a s+consonante, z, gn, psuno spritz, uno zabaione, uno gnocco
unafemminile, davanti a consonanteuna pizza, una birra, una grappa
un'femminile, davanti a vocaleun’aranciata, un’oliva, un’insalata
The trick to never get it wrong: try saying it aloud. Il spumante makes your tongue stumble over three consonants in a row: Italian uses lo precisely to avoid that stumble. And the apostrophe is a matter of gender: un amico (without), un’amica (with).

When Italian wants the article (and your language maybe does not)

CaseItalianNote
Possessiviil mio bicchiere, la tua forchettacade solo con i familiari al singolare: mia madre
Categorie intereil vino fa parte della cultura italianaparlando in generale, l’articolo c’è sempre
Lingue, paesi, orestudio l’italiano, amo l’Italia, è l’unaquasi sempre con l’articolo

The most common mistakes

  • il spumantelo spumante (s+consonant takes lo)
  • i gnocchigli gnocchi (gn takes gli)
  • mio bicchiere è vuotoil mio bicchiere è vuoto (possessives take the article)
  • un’antipastoun antipasto (masculine: no apostrophe)
  • amo la Italiaamo l’Italia (before a vowel, la is elided)

Did you know?

Latin had no articles at all: il, lo, la were born in the spoken Latin of the streets from the demonstrative ille (“that”), worn down by centuries of use. When you say il vino, you are literally saying a faded “that wine”: the article is a demonstrative that lost its pointing finger.

Read and understand

This chapter’s grammar. Example: a trattoria menu.

Trattoria da Nonna Pina

Menu del giorno · mercoledì

Il pane e il coperto2,00

Gli gnocchi al pomodoro9,00

Lo spezzatino con le patate13,00

L'insalata mista5,00

Il dolce della casa6,00

L'acqua, mezzo litro1,50

Il vino della casa: il rosso o lo spumante. Chiedete al cameriere.

Questions

Quanto costa il dolce della casa?

Perché si dice «gli gnocchi» e non «i gnocchi»?

Quale articolo va con «spaghetti»?

A painting of the inside of an osteria, with tables under the pergola and the sign
Il rosso o lo spumante: the menu picks the article for you.

Exercises

Five exercises in order of difficulty. The last ones bring back what you have already seen.

  1. 01 Il, lo, la, l’

    Complete with the singular definite article.

    1. zucchero
    2. caffè
    3. amica
    4. studente
    5. pizza
    6. albergo
    7. psicologo
    8. ragazzo

  2. 02 Al plurale

    Put article and noun into the plural.

    1. il libro →
    2. lo studente →
    3. l’amica →
    4. la casa →
    5. lo zaino →
    6. l’ospedale →
    7. il gnocco →

  3. 03 Un, uno, una, un’

    Complete with the indefinite article.

    1. Vorrei spritz.
    2. Prendo caffè.
    3. Ho amica a Roma.
    4. C’è studente alla porta.
    5. Mangio pizza.
    6. È bel giorno.
    7. Cerco albergo.

  4. 04 Ci vuole l’articolo?

    Italian uses the article where many languages do not. Add it where needed, or write .

    1. Amo caffè italiano.
    2. Studio italiano.
    3. Vado a scuola lunedì (ogni lunedì).
    4. Mi chiamo Marco.
    5. signora Bianchi è in ufficio.
    6. Buongiorno, signora Bianchi!
    7. Abito in Italia.

  5. 05 La spesa di Elena

    Complete with the right article, definite or indefinite. Always look at the letter that follows.

    Review alfabeto e pronuncia

    1. Elena entra in supermercato vicino a casa.
    2. Compra zucchero, uova e spaghetti.
    3. Cerca anche olio buono.
    4. Alla cassa incontra amico di suo fratello.
    5. amico lavora lì da anno.
    6. Escono insieme e prendono gelato.

These five are a taste. There are over seven hundred on the site, free and with no sign-up. All the exercises →

Take this page with you

This chapter’s sheet as a printable PDF (tables in Italian): rules, typical mistakes and the quiz with answers. A teacher’s tip: grammar sticks by reviewing it often, not by studying it once.

Download the sheet (PDF)
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Search for amo Italian

Michelangelo’s handwritten shopping list, with the words and little drawings of the food
Michelangelo’s shopping list, drawn for someone who could not read.

Read and understand

This chapter’s grammar. Example: a shopping post-it.

Per la cena di stasera:

il pane, la caraffa nuova, l'olio buono

gli spinaci e le patate

lo zucchero e i biscotti

l'acqua frizzante, due bottiglie

P.S. gli gnocchi li faccio io ♥

Questions

Chi fa gli gnocchi?

Perché «lo zucchero» e non «il zucchero»?

Quale articolo va con «studente»?

Want another text on this topic? Reading an Italian menu · Ordering at an Italian bar

One more go

Fill in the right article, then check:

  1. zucchero è finito.
  2. Vorrei spritz e oliva ascolana.
  3. gnocchi fatti in casa sono i migliori.
  4. Prendo acqua frizzante e caffè.
  5. mia pizza preferita è margherita.

Frequently asked questions

Why is it lo yogurt and not il yogurt?

Because the y here works like the semivowel i: words beginning with i or y followed by another vowel take lo and uno, like lo iodio, uno yogurt. Same logic as lo studente: the article adapts to the sound that follows.

Why do Italians say la domenica with the article?

The article turns one day into a habit: la domenica pranzo dai nonni means every Sunday. Without the article it is a single occasion: domenica vado a Roma is this coming Sunday. One tiny word, two different calendars.

Why is there no article in vado a casa or sono in ufficio?

A small set of everyday places drops the article after a preposition: a casa, a scuola, in ufficio, in banca, in chiesa, a letto. They are fixed expressions, learned as chunks. As soon as you add detail, the article returns: nella casa dei miei nonni.